Bootstrap 表单
在本章中，我们将学习如何使用 Bootstrap 创建表单。Bootstrap 通过一些简单的 HTML 标签和扩展的类即可创建出不同样式的表单。
表单布局
Bootstrap 提供了下列类型的表单布局：
垂直表单（默认）
内联表单
水平表单
垂直或基本表单
基本的表单结构是 Bootstrap 自带的，个别的表单控件自动接收一些全局样式。下面列出了创建基本表单的步骤：
向父 <form> 元素添加 role="form"。
把标签和控件放在一个带有 class .form-group 的 <div> 中。这是获取最佳间距所必需的。
向所有的文本元素 <input>、<textarea> 和 <select> 添加 class .form-control。
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
内联表单
如果需要创建一个表单，它的所有元素是内联的，向左对齐的，标签是并排的，请向 <form> 标签添加 class .form-inline。
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
默认情况下，Bootstrap 中的 input、select 和 textarea 有 100% 宽度。在使用内联表单时，您需要在表单控件上设置一个宽度。
使用 class .sr-only，您可以隐藏内联表单的标签。
水平表单
水平表单与其他表单不仅标记的数量上不同，而且表单的呈现形式也不同。如需创建一个水平布局的表单，请按下面的几个步骤进行：
向父 <form> 元素添加 class .form-horizontal。
把标签和控件放在一个带有 class .form-group 的 <div> 中。
向标签添加 class .control-label。
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
提示：到此为止，相信你已经会灵活使用Bootstrap表单了，那么通过本站的编程实战部分来练习使用Bootstrap水平排列的表单吧！
支持的表单控件
Bootstrap 支持最常见的表单控件，主要是 input、textarea、checkbox、radio 和 select。
输入框（Input）
最常见的表单文本字段是输入框 input。用户可以在其中输入大多数必要的表单数据。Bootstrap 提供了对所有原生的 HTML5 的 input 类型的支持，包括：text、password、datetime、datetime-local、date、month、time、week、number、email、url、search、tel 和 color。适当的 type 声明是必需的，这样才能让 input 获得完整的样式。
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
文本框（Textarea）
当您需要进行多行输入的时，则可以使用文本框 textarea。必要时可以改变 rows 属性（较少的行 = 较小的盒子，较多的行 = 较大的盒子）。
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
复选框（（Checkbox）和单选框（Radio）
复选框和单选按钮用于让用户从一系列预设置的选项中进行选择。
当创建表单时，如果您想让用户从列表中选择若干个选项时，请使用 checkbox。如果您限制用户只能选择一个选项，请使用 radio。
对一系列复选框和单选框使用 .checkbox-inline 或 .radio-inline class，控制它们显示在同一行上。
下面的实例演示了这两种类型（默认和内联）：
-------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
选择框（Select）
当您想让用户从多个选项中进行选择，但是默认情况下只能选择一个选项时，则使用选择框。
使用 <select> 展示列表选项，通常是那些用户很熟悉的选择列表，比如州或者数字。
使用 multiple="multiple" 允许用户选择多个选项。
下面的实例演示了这两种类型（select 和 multiple）：
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
静态控件
当您需要在一个水平表单内的表单标签后放置纯文本时，请在 <p> 上使用 class .form-control-static。
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
表单控件状态
除了 :focus 状态（即，用户点击 input 或使用 tab 键聚焦到 input 上），Bootstrap 还为禁用的输入框定义了样式，并提供了表单验证的 class。
输入框焦点
当输入框 input 接收到 :focus 时，输入框的轮廓会被移除，同时应用 box-shadow。
禁用的输入框 input
如果您想要禁用一个输入框 input，只需要简单地添加 disabled 属性，这不仅会禁用输入框，还会改变输入框的样式以及当鼠标的指针悬停在元素上时鼠标指针的样式。
禁用的字段集 fieldset
对 <fieldset> 添加 disabled 属性来禁用 <fieldset> 内的所有控件。
验证状态
Bootstrap 包含了错误、警告和成功消息的验证样式。只需要对父元素简单地添加适当的 class（.has-warning、 .has-error 或 .has-success）即可使用验证状态。
下面的实例演示了所有控件状态：
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
表单控件大小
您可以分别使用 class .input-lg 和 .col-lg-* 来设置表单的高度和宽度。下面的实例演示了这点：
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
表单帮助文本
Bootstrap 表单控件可以在输入框 input 上有一个块级帮助文本。为了添加一个占用整个宽度的内容块，请在 <input> 后使用 .help-block。下面的实例演示了这点：
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
结果如下所示：
